Agaricus blazei
Ahn, W.S., D.J. Kim, G.T. Chae, J.M. Lee, S.M. Bae, J.I. Sin, Y.W. Kim, S.E. Namkoong, and I. P. Lee, "Natural killer cell activity and quality of life were improved by consumption of a mushroom extract, Agaricus blazei Murill Kyowa, in gynecological cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy", International Journal of Gynecological Cancer 14(4), (2004), 589-594
Fujimiya, Yoshiaki, Youichi Suzuki, Ko-ichi Oshiman, Hidekazu Kobori, Koichi Moriguchi, Hisako Nakashima, Yonezo Matumoto, Shogo Takahara, Takusaburo Ebina, and Ryuichi Katakura, "Selective tumoricidal effect of soluble proteoglucan extracted from the basidiomycete, Agaricus blazei Murill, mediated via natural killer cell activation and apoptosis", Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy 46(3), (1998), 147-159
Mizuno, Masashi, Mikio Morimoto, Ken-ichiro Minato, and Hironobu Tsuchida, "Polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei stimulate lymphocyte T-cell subsets in mice", Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 62(3), (1998), 434-437
Aloe
Dr. David Frawley and Dr. Vasant Lad, The Yoga of Herbs (Wisconsin: Lotus Press, 2001), 100-101.
Astragalus
Michael Tierra, The Way of Herbs, (New York: Pocket Books, 1980), 223.
Beta Carotene
Cristina Palacios, "The role of nutrients in bone health, from A to Z", Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 46(8), (2006), 621-628
H. Sies and W. Stahl, "Antioxidant activity of carotenoids", Molecular Aspects of Medicine 24(6), (2003), 345-351
James Allen Olson, "Provitamin A function of carotenoids: the conversion of beta-carotene into vitamin A", The Journal of Nutrition 119(1), (1989), 105
Joseph L Napoli, and Kevin R. Race, "Biogenesis of retinoic acid from beta-carotene. Differences between the metabolism of beta-carotene and retinal", Journal of Biological Chemistry 263(33), (1988), 17372-17377
Mark Berneburg, Regina Goralczyk, Eicker, Jörg, Viola Kürten, Jean Krutmann, Georges Riss, and Susanne Wild, "Betacarotene supplementation protects from photoaging-associated mitochondrial DNA mutation", Photochem Photobiol Sci 2(6), (2003), 655-659
R. Blomstrand, Dew S. Goodman, Helen S. Huang, T. Shiratori and B. Werner, "The intestinal absorption and metabolism of vitamin A and beta-carotene in man", Journal of Clinical Investigation 45(10), (1966), 1615
BioPerine
V. Badmaev, M. Majeed, "Piperine derived from black pepper increases the plasma levels of coenzyme q10 following oral supplementation", The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 11(2), (2000), 109-113
Boron
A. Irwin, M.A. Kenney, H. McCoy, C. Montgomery, R. Orell, L. Williams, “Relation of Boron to the composition and mechanical properties of bone”, Environ Health Perspect 102(7), (1994), 49-53
C.D. Hunt, ”The biochemical effects of physiologic amounts of dietary boron in animal nutrition models”, Environ Health Perspect 102(7), (1994), 35-43
L. J. Taper, S. L. Volpe, "The relationship between boron and magnesium status and bone mineral density in the human: a review", Magnesium research: official organ of the International Society for the Development of Research on Magnesium 6(3), (1993), 291-296
Chlorella
J.A. Ho, I. W. Lu, M.C. Shieh, L. C. Wu, “Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of Spirulina and Chlorella water extracts”, J Agric.Food Chem 53(10), (2005), 4207-4212
N. Hagino, and S. Ichimura, “Effect of chlorella on fecal and urinary cadmium excretion in "Itai-itai" disease”, Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi 30(1), (1975), 77
R. A. Kay, “Microalgae as food and supplement”, Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 30(6), (1991), 555-573
S. Otles, and R. Pire, “Fatty acid composition of Chlorella and Spirulina microalgae species”, J.AOAC Int. 84(6), (2001), 1708-1714
S. Yamagishi, K. Nakamura, and H. Inoue, “Therapeutic potentials of unicellular green alga Chlorella in advanced glycation end product (AGE)-related disorders”, Med Hypotheses 65(5), (2005), 953-955
Chlorophyll
De Vogel, Johan, Denise SML Jonker-Termont, Esther MM Van Lieshout, Martijn B. Katan, and Roelof Van Der Meer, "Green vegetables, red meat and colon cancer: chlorophyll prevents the cytotoxic and hyperproliferative effects of haem in rat colon", Carcinogenesis 26(2), (2005), 387-393
Fahey, Jed W., Katherine K. Stephenson, Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova, Patricia A. Egner, Thomas W. Kensler, and Paul Talalay, "Chlorophyll, chlorophyllin and related tetrapyrroles are significant inducers of mammalian phase 2 cytoprotective genes", Carcinogenesis 26(7), (2005), 1247-1255
Chromium
D. Bagchi, S. J. Stohs, "Cytotoxicity and oxidative mechanisms of different forms of chromium", Toxicology 180(1), (2002), 5-22
R. Shrivastava, R. K. Upreti, "Effects of chromium on the immune system", FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology 34(1), (2002), 1-7
Cinnamon
Dr. David Frawley and Dr. Vasant Lad, The Yoga of Herbs (Wisconsin: Lotus Press, 2001), 111-112.
Codonopsis
J. Choi, H. J. Jung, W. T. Jung, K. T. Lee, J. H. Nam, H. J. Park, “Structure of a new echinocystic acid bisdesmoside isolated from Codonopsis lanceolata roots and the cytotoxic activity of prosapogenins”, J Agric.Food Chem 50(15), (2002), 4190-4193
Michael Tierra, The Way of Herbs, (New York: Pocket Books, 1980), 226.
Ron Teeguarden, The Ancient Wisdom of the Chinese Tonic Herbs (New York: Warner Books, 1998), 157-159, 358.
Y. Chen, N. Liang, J. Wei, Y. Zhu, “Chemical components of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch) Nannf. var volubilis (Nannf.) L.T. Shen”, Zhongguo Zhong.Yao Za Zhi 20(10), (1995), 611-640
Cordyceps
Christopher Hobbs, Medicinal Mushrooms (California: Botanica Press, 1986), 81-86.
G. M. Halpern, and K. Jones, J. S. Zhu, “The scientific rediscovery of a precious ancient Chinese herbal regimen: Cordyceps sinensis: part II”, J.Altern.Complement Med 4(4), (1998), 429-457
Lu, Zhu Lingyuan Fang, "Studies on the Nourshing and Strengthening Effects of Cordyceps", Acta Academiae Medicinae Jiangxi 3, (1997)
Ron Teeguarden, The Ancient Wisdom of the Chinese Tonic Herbs (New York: Warner Books, 1998), 129-133.
T. B. Ng, and H. X. Wang, “Pharmacological actions of Cordyceps, a prized folk medicine”, J Pharm Pharmacol 57(12), (2005), 1509-1519
Xiao, Y, Huang, XZ, Cheng, G, “Increased aerobic capacity in healthy elderly human adults given a fermentation product of Cordyceps Cs-4”, Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 31(Suppl), (1999), S174
Coriolus
A. H. Chow, K. K. Chu, S. S. Ho, "Coriolus versicolor: a medicinal mushroom with promising immunotherapeutic values", The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 42(9), (2002), 976-984
Cui, Jian, and Yusuf Chisti, "Polysaccharopeptides of< i> Coriolus versicolor</i>: physiological activity, uses, and production", Biotechnology Advances 21(2), (2003), 109-122
Epimedium
Ron Teeguarden, The Ancient Wisdom of the Chinese Tonic Herbs (New York: Warner Books, 1998), 162-164, 361.
Hesperidin
R. Liu, F. Meng, Y. Liu, H. Bai, and B.W. Liu, “Inhibitory effect of Isorhamnetin and Hesperidin on LDL oxidation induced by Cu2+”, Zhong.Yao Cai. 30(6), (2007), 677-681
T. L. Cirico, and S. T. Omaye, “Additive or synergetic effects of phenolic compounds on human low density lipoprotein oxidation”, Food Chem Toxico 44(4), (2006), 510-516
.
High ORAC berry blend
Ronald, L., Sheryl A. Lazarus, Guohua Cao, Helen Muccitelli, and John F. Hammerstone, "Identification of procyanidins and anthocyanins in blueberries and cranberries (Vaccinium spp.) using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry", Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 49(3), (2001), 1270-1276
Wang, Shiow Y., and Hsin-Shan Lin, "Antioxidant activity in fruits and leaves of blackberry, raspberry, and strawberry varies with cultivar and developmental stage", Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 48(2), (2000), 140-146
Zheng, Wei, and Shiow Y. Wang, "Oxygen radical absorbing capacity of phenolics in blueberries, cranberries, chokeberries, and lingonberries", Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 51(2), (2003), 502-509
Maitake
C. Liu, J. L. Zhu, “Modulating effects of extractum semen Persicae and cultivated Cordyceps hyphae on immuno-dysfunction of inpatients with posthepatitic cirrhosis”, Zhongguo Zhong.Xi.Yi.Jie.He.Za Zhi. 12(4), (1992), 207-9, 195
Y. Y. Hu, C. Liu, P. Liu, “Effect of fuzheng huayu recipe in treating posthepatitic cirrhosis”, Zhongguo Zhong.Xi.Yi.Jie.He.Za Zhi 16(8), (1996), 459-462
Men’s Multivitamins
V. Bubes, J.E. Buring, W.G. Christen, J.M.Gaziano, R.J. Glynn, J. MacFayden, J.E. Manson, M. Schvartz, H.D. Sesso, and J.P. Smith, “Multivitamins in the Prevention of Cancer in Men- The Physicians’ Health Study II Randomized Controlled Trial”, JAMA, Published online ahead of print, doi:10.1001/jama.2012.14641
Multi-citations
G. Atmaca, “Antioxidant effects of sulfur-containing amino acids”, Yonsei Med J 45(5), (2004), 776-88
S. Parcell, “Sulfur in human nutrition and applications in medicine”, Altern Med Rev 7(1), (2002), 22-44
Nettle leaf (Red Raspberry leaf and Nettle leaf citation)
Dr. Stacey Rosenberg, Natural Pregnancy, Natural Baby: Natural Remedies for Pregnancy, Birth and Post-Partum Discomforts (US: Xlibris Corporation, 2008), 49.
Phosphatidylcholine
C. S. Lieber, S. J. Robins, J.M. DeCarli, K. M. Mak, J. M. Fasulo, and M. A. Leo, "Phosphatidylcholine protects against fibrosis and cirrhosis in the baboon", Gastroenterology 106(1), (1994), 152
Ingrid Kohlstadt, Food and Nutrients in Disease Management (US: CRC Press, 2009), 523
W. Buberl, L. Hausmann, H. Kaffarnik, G. Mühlfellner, O. Mühlfellner, R. Müller, J. Schneider, R. Schubotz, “Effect of polyneyl phosphatidylcholine on clofibrate-induced increase in LDL cholesterol”, Eur J Clin Pharmacol 15(1), (1979), 15-9
Quercetin
A. Crozier, B. Daneshvar, L. O. Dragsted, J. Haraldsdottir, P. Knuthsen, S.T. Lauridsen, S. E. Nielsen, B. Sandstrom and J. F. Young, “Effect of fruit juice intake on urinary quercetin excretion and biomarkers of antioxidative status”, Am J Clin Nutr 69(1), (1999), 87-94
B. Stavric, “Quercetin in our diet: from potent mutagen to probable anticarcinogen”, Clin.Biochem 27(4), (1994), 245-248
W. J. Angerson, M. E. Lean, and M .Noroozi, “Effects of flavonoids and vitamin C on oxidative DNA damage to human lymphocytes”, Am J Clin.Nutr 67(6), (1998), 1210-1218
Reishi
Christopher Hobbs, Medicinal Mushrooms (California: Botanica Press, 1986), 96-107.
Ron Teeguarden, The Ancient Wisdom of the Chinese Tonic Herbs (New York: Warner Books, 1998), 88-95, 361.
Rutin
A.M. Gouny, P. Gouny, D. Horovitz, “Effectiveness and safety of hydroxyethyl-rutosides in the local treatment of symptoms of venous insufficiency during air travel”, J Mal Vasc 24(3), (1999), 214-220
G. Hennings, W. Nocker, D Rehn, “Time course of the anti-oedematous effect of O-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides in healthy volunteers”, Eur J Clin Pharmacol 40(6), (1991), 625-627
Selenium (L-methyl selenocysteine)
A. C. Gao, N. Nadiminty, “Selenium and Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer”, (2009)
J. Liu, G. Luo, “Selenoproteins and Thyroid Cancer:
Selenoproteins and Mimics”, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, (2012), 173-182
J. Mohler and D. Tindall,”Androgen Action in Prostate Cancer” Springer US: 755-780
P. D. Whanger,”Selenium and its relationship to cancer: an update”, British Journal of Nutrition, 91, (2004), 11-28
P.D. Whanger, “Selenocompounds in Plants and Animals and their Biological Significance”, J Am Coll Nutr 21(3), (2002), 223-232
Shiitake
B. Imre, F. Janos, Y. Kaneko, V. Karoly, and G. Peter, “Effects of lentinan on cytotoxic functions of human lymphocytes”, Immunopharmacol.Immunotoxicol 10(2), (1988), 157-163
Christopher Hobbs, Medicinal Mushrooms (California: Botanica Press, 1986), 125-138.
G. D.Bonnard, J. P. Fruehauf, and R. B. Herberman, “The effect of lentinan on production of interleukin-1 by human monocytes”, Immunopharmacology 5(1), (1982), 65-74
J. K.Candlish, G. M. Sia, “Effects of shiitake (Lentinus edodes) extract on human neutrophils and the U937 monocytic cell line”, Phytother.Res. 13(2), (1999), 133-137
T. Aoki, H. Miyakoshi,“Acting mechanisms of Lentinan in human--I. Augmentation of DNA synthesis and immunoglobulin production of peripheral mononuclear cells”, Int.J.Immunopharmacol 6(4), (1984), 365-371
X. F. Huang, J. W. Guo, and J. F. Li, “Study on the enhancing effect of polyporus polysaccharide, mycobacterium polysaccharide and lentinan on lymphokine-activated killer cell activity in vitro”, Zhongguo Zhong.Xi.Yi.Jie.He.Za Zhi. 16(4), (1996), 224-226
Y. Gao, F. Kong, J. Li, J. Lin, M. Liu, “Induction of immunomodulating cytokines by a new polysaccharide-peptide complex from culture mycelia of Lentinus edodes”, Immunopharmacology 40(3), (1998), 187-198
Spirulina
B.W. Nichols, and B. J.B. Wood, "The occurrence and biosynthesis of gamma-linolenic acid in a blue-green alga, Spirulina platensis", Lipids 3(1), (1968), 46-50
E. W. Becker, B. Jakober, D. Luft, and R. M. Schmulling, "Clinical and biochemical evaluations of the alga Spirulina with regard to its application in the treatment of obesity. A double-blind cross-over study", Nutrition Reports International 33, (1986)
Hala N. ElSohly, Mahmoud A. ElSohly, Nirmal, Pugh, David S. Pasco, and Samir A. Ross, "Isolation of three high molecular weight polysaccharide preparations with potent immunostimulatory activity from Spirulina platensis, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and Chlorella pyrenoidosa", Planta Medica 67(8), (2001), 737-742
H. N. Chou, C. C. Hsieh, J. J. Hsu, H. K. Lu, Y. K. Yang, “Preventive effects of Spirulina platensis on skeletal muscle damage under exercise-induced oxidative stress”, Eur J Appl Physiol 98(2), (2006), 220-226
J. Armesto, I. Garcia, R. Gonzalez, N. Ledon, D. Remirez, C. Romay, “Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of C-phycocyanin from blue- green algae”, Inflamm.Res 47(1), (1998), 36-41
M. E. Gershwin, T. K. Mao, and J. Van de Water, "Effects of a Spirulina-based dietary supplement on cytokine production from allergic rhinitis patients", Journal of Medicinal Food 8(1), (2005), 27-30
Parada, J. L., Zulpa, de Caire, Zaccaro de Mule, M. C., and Storni de Cano, M. M, “Lactic acid bacteria growth promoters from Spirulina platensis”, Int J Food Microbiol 45(3), (1998), 225-228
P. Bhadouria, Z. Khan, "Nutritional and Therapeutic Potential of Spirulina", Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 6(5), (2005), 373-379
P.C. Bickford, J. Contreras, C.E. Hudson, J.N. Jernberg, R.L. Klien, J. Morganti, M.M. Pabon, “A Spirulina-Enhanced Diet Provides Neuroprotection in an α-Synuclein Model of Parkinson’s Disease”, PloS One 7(9), (2012), e45256
P. K. Ghosh, S. Mishra, A. Patel, “Antioxidant potential of C-phycocyanin isolated from cyanobacterial species Lyngbya, Phormidium and Spirulina spp”, Indian J Biochem Biophys 43(1), (2006), 25-31
S. Boussiba, and A. E. Richmond, "C-phycocyanin as a storage protein in the blue-green alga Spirulina platensis ", Archives of Microbiology 125(1), (1980), 143-147
T. Inayama, K. Iwata, "Effects of Spirulina platensis on plasma lipoprotein lipase activity in fructose-induced hyperlipidemic rats", Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 36(2), (1990), 165-171
Vitamin B12 Methylcobalamin
R.A.S. Hemat, Principles of Orthomolecularism (Urotext, 2004), 233.
Sareen S. Gropper and Jack L. Smith, Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism (Belmont,CA: Wadsworth, 2005), 356.
Vitamin C
H. Padh, "Vitamin C: Newer Insights into Its Biochemical Functions", Nutrition Reviews 49(3), (1991), 65-70
Lester Packer, “Vitamin C in health and disease”, CRC 5, (1997)
Vitamin D
Bio-Ying Bao, Huei-ju Ting, Jong-We Hsu and Yi-Fen Lee, “Protective role of 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 against oxidative stress in nonmalignant human prostate epithelial cells”, Int J Cancer 122, (2008), 2699-2706
C. Garland, F. Garland, "Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Colon Cancer: Eight-Year Prospective Study”, The Lancet 334(8673), (1989), 1176-1178
D. E. Cole, H. M. Trang, "Evidence that vitamin D3 increases serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D more efficiently than does vitamin D2", Am J Clin Nutr 68(4), (1998), 854-858
G. Rammos, P. Tseke, "Vitamin D, the renin-angiotensin system, and insulin resistance", International Urology and Nephrology 40(2), (2008), 419-426
Hugo Van Baelen, Roger Bouillon, Marc De Maeyer, Anja Rabijns, Camiel De Ranter, Christel Verboven, “A structural basis for the unique binding features of the human vitamin D-binding protein”, Nature Structural Biology 9(2), (2002), 131-136
J. L. Anderson, H. T. May, "Relation of Vitamin D Deficiency to Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Disease Status, and Incident Events in a General Healthcare Population", The American Journal of Cardiology 106(7), (2010), 963-968
J. Lau, A.G. Pittas, “The Role of Vitamin D and Calcium in Type 2 Diabetes. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis", Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 92(6), (2007), 2017-2029
J. Michael Gaziano, Edward L. Giovannucci, J. Bruce W. Hollis, David Hunter, Haojie Li, Jing Ma, Lorelei A. Mucci, Meir J. Stampfer, “A Prospective Study of Plasma Vitamin D Metabolites, Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms, and Prostate Cancer”, PLoS Medicine 4(3), (2007), 0562-0571
K. Helzlsouer, J.Tangrea, "Serum levels of vitamin D metabolites and the subsequent risk of colon and rectal cancer in Finnish men", Cancer Causes and Control 8(4), (1997), 615-625
L.A.G. Armas, J. Grote, R.P. Heaney, R.L. Horst, R.R. Recker, “Vitamin D3 is More Potent Than Vitamin D2 in Humans”, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Laura A.G. Armas, Robert P. Heaney, Bruce W. Hollis, “Vitamin D2 is much less effective than Vitamin D3 in Humans”, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 89(11), (2004), 5387-5391
Lisa A.Houghton, and Reinhold Vieth, "The case against ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) as a vitamin supplement", The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 84(4), (2006), 694-697
M. F. Holick, “Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease", Am J Clin Nutr 80(6), (2004), 1678S-1688S
M. F. Holick, "Vitamin D: importance in the prevention of cancers, type 1 diabetes, heart disease, and osteoporosis", Am J Clin Nutr 79(3), (2004), 362-371
Michael F. Holick, “The Vitamin D Epidemic and its Health Consequences”, J Nutr 135, (2005), 2739S-2748S
M. J. Pencina, T. J. Wang, “Vitamin D Deficiency and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease", Circulation 117(4), (2008), 503-511
Robert P. Heaney, “Lessons for nutritional science from vitamin D”, Am J Clin Nutr 69, (1999), 825-6
Robert P. Heaney, “Vitamin D: Criteria for safety and efficacy”, Nutrition Reviews 66(2), (2008), S178-S181
R. P. Heaney, R. R. Recker, "Vitamin D3 Is More Potent Than Vitamin D2 in Humans" Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 96(3), (2011), E447-E452
U. A.Ajani , E. S. Ford, "Concentrations of Serum Vitamin D and the Metabolic Syndrome Among U.S. Adults", Diabetes Care 28(5), (2005), 1228-1230
Y. Liel, E. Ulmer, "Low circulating vitamin D in obesity", Calcif Tissue Int 43(4), (1988), 199-201
Vitamin E, Mixed Tocopherols
H. N. Bhagavan, and R. K. Chopra, "Relative bioavailabilities of natural and synthetic vitamin E formulations containing mixed tocopherols in human subjects", International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 69(2), (1999), 92-95
J. Ju, H. J. Lee, "Mixed Tocopherols Prevent Mammary Tumorigenesis by Inhibiting Estrogen Action and Activating PPAR-γ", Clinical Cancer Research 15(12), (2009), 4242-4249
K. Saldeen, and T. Saldeen, "Importance of tocopherols beyond α-tocopherol: evidence from animal and human studies", Nutrition Research 25(10), (2005), 877-889
M. Liu, R. Wallin, "Mixed Tocopherols Have a Stronger Inhibitory Effect on Lipid Peroxidation Than [alpha]-Tocopherol Alone", Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 39(5), (2002), 714-721
N. C. Ward, J. H. Y. Wu, "Effects of α-Tocopherol and Mixed Tocopherol Supplementation on Markers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes", Clinical Chemistry 53(3), (2007), 511-519
